Abstract To conduct centralized management combined with Information system application management in radiology instruments and reusable medical devices, and explore the promotion value of cleaning quality and work efficiency. The recycling time, cleaning quality, packaging quality and distribution errors of the devices with which centralized management combined with Information system application management (June 2019) was implemented half a year before and after in the radiology department of our hospital were collected and compared. With implementation of centralized management combined with Information system application management, the average recycling time (25.33 ± 5.64) of devices was remarkably shorter than that before implementation (42.37 ± 6.77) (P < 0.05). The yield of cleaning (94.57%) and packaging (98.91%) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (86.05%) and (87.21%) (P < 0.05). The probability of distribution error (8.70%) and recycling error (5.43%) of devices in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (19.77% and 18.60%) (P < 0.05). Centralized management combined with Information system application management effectively improves the cleaning quality and work efficiency of radiology instruments and reusable instruments, indicating long-term application value.

Abstract The antimicrobial effect of chitosan on Penicillium expansum, a major postharvest pathogen of pome fruit, and the possible mechanisms involved in its effect were examined in this study. Chitosan strongly inhibited spore germination and hyphal growth of P. expansum. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that chitosan also caused morphological changes in hyphae and conidia, such as abnormal branching and vacuolation. Proteomic changes in P. expansum after chitosan treatment were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, and 26 proteins were ambiguously identified and categorized based on their putative biological function. Proteins related to DNA or protein biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and energy production were decreased in relative protein abundance, while proteins involved in antibiotics resistance and defense response increased in relative protein abundance. Changes in abundance of these identified proteins were in accordance to the observed physiological and morphological changes of the fungi cells. Altogether, these experimental results provide a detailed illustration of the responses to chitosan in P. expansum, and widen our knowledge on the potential antifungal mechanisms of chitosan.

Abstract Herein, we aimed to investigate the functions of ADAMTS6 in colon cancer and its potential mechanism. Based on the data acquired from TCGA database, we revealed that ADAMTS6 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues, and high expression of ADAMTS6 predicted worse prognosis in patients with colon cancer. Moreover, qRT-PCR demonstrated that the levels of ADAMTS6 were higher in colon cancer cell lines (NCI-H508, Caco-2, CW-2 and HCT 116) than that in normal control cell line CCD-18Co. Functional experiments displayed that depletion of ADAMTS6 repressed NCI-H508 cell growth, invasion and migration whilst overexpression of ADAMTS6 facilitated Caco-2 cell growth, invasion and migration. Moreover, ADAMTS6 silencing enhanced the protein expression of E-cadherin and reduced the levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail in NCI-H508 cells, whereas ADAMTS6 overexpression showed the counter effects in Caco-2 cells. The protein levels of p-AKT and p-p65 were decreased by depletion of ADAMTS6 in NCI-H508 cells, while their levels were enhanced by overexpression of ADAMTS6 in Caco-2 cells. These consequences indicated that the accelerating effect of ADAMTS6 on colon cancer cell growth, migration and invasion might be achieved by modulating EMT and AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway, offering important foundations for colon cancer treatment.

Abstract In this study, an immunoaffinity column was prepared by covalently coupling of polyclonal antibody against danofloxacin (DAN) with chitosan microparticles and its potential application to selective extraction of DAN from food samples was also evaluated. The produced antibody exhibited high sensitivity, with an IC50 value of 4.56 ng/mL towards DAN, and good specificity, with less than 0.5% of cross-reactivity towards DAN structurally related compounds. The developed immunoaffinity column had an approximate binding capacity of 2300 ng/mL gel and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.7% among columns. The immunoaffinity columns were then challenged with DAN-fortified milk samples, recoveries of DAN were found to be in the range of 83.8% to 98.8%, indicating the prepared immunoaffinity column is suitable for use as an efficient extraction method to detect DAN residues in food products.

Abstract Background: Chronic prostatitis has been supposed to be associated with preneoplastic lesions and cancer development. The objective of this study was to examine how chronic inflammation results in a prostatic microenvironment and gene mutation in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Immune and bacterial prostatitis mouse models were created through abdominal subcutaneous injection of rat prostate extract protein immunization (EAP group) or transurethral instillation of uropathogenic E. coli 1677 (E. coli group). Prostate histology, serum cytokine level, and genome-wide exome (GWE) sequences were examined 1, 3, and 6 months after immunization or injection. Result: In the EAP and E. coli groups, immune cell infiltrations were observed in the first and last months of the entire experiment. After 3 months, obvious proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) were observed accompanied with fibrosis hyperplasia in stroma. The decrease in basal cells (Cytokeratin (CK) 5+/p63+) and the accumulation of luminal epithelial cells (CK8+) in the PIA or PIN area indicated that the basal cells were damaged or transformed into different luminal cells. Hic1, Zfp148, and Mfge8 gene mutations were detected in chronic prostatitis somatic cells. Conclusion: Chronic prostatitis induced by prostate extract protein immunization or E. coli infection caused a reactive prostatic inflammation microenvironment and resulted in tissue damage, aberrant atrophy, hyperplasia, and somatic genome mutation.

Abstract As a glacier retreats, barren areas are exposed, and these barren areas are ideal sites to study microbial succession. In this study, we characterized the soil culturable bacterial communities and biochemical parameters of early successional soils from a receding glacier in the Tianshan Mountains. The total number of culturable bacteria ranged from 2.19 × 105 to 1.30 × 106 CFU g-1 dw and from 9.33 × 105 to 2.53 × 106 CFU g-1 dw at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The number of culturable bacteria in the soil increased at 25 °C but decreased at 4 °C along the chronosequence. The total organic carbon, total nitrogen content, and enzymatic activity were relatively low in the glacier foreland. The number of culturable bacteria isolated at 25 °C was significantly positively correlated with the TOC and TN as well as the soil urease, protease, polyphenoloxidase, sucrase, catalase, and dehydrogenase activities. We obtained 358 isolates from the glacier foreland soils that clustered into 35 groups using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. These groups are affiliated with 20 genera that belong to six taxa, namely, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, and Deinococcus-Thermus, with a predominance of members of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in all of the samples. A redundancy analysis showed that the bacterial succession was divided into three periods, an early stage (10a), a middle stage (25-74a), and a late stage (100-130a), with the total number of culturable bacteria mainly being affected by the soil enzymatic activity, suggesting that the microbial succession correlated with the soil age along the foreland.

Abstract Background: The previous studies have demonstrated the reduction of thiamine diphosphate is specific to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and causal factor of brain glucose hypometabolism, which is considered as a neurodegenerative index of AD and closely correlates with the degree of cognitive impairment. The reduction of thiamine diphosphate may contribute to the dysfunction of synapses and neural circuits, finally leading to cognitive decline. Results: To demonstrate this hypothesis, we established abnormalities in the glucose metabolism utilizing thiamine deficiency in vitro and in vivo, and we found dramatically reduced dendrite spine density. We further detected lowered excitatory neurotransmission and impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation, which are induced by TPK RNAi in vitro. Importantly, via treatment with benfotiamine, Aβ induced spines density decrease was considerably ameliorated. Conclusions: These results revealed that thiamine deficiency contributed to synaptic dysfunction which strongly related to AD pathogenesis. Our results provide new insights into pathogenesis of synaptic and neuronal dysfunction in AD.

MicroRNAs play a crucial role in the progression of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCII). The role of miR-448 and SIRT1 in SCII was investigated in this study, to provide further insights into prevention and improvement of this disorder. In this study, expressions of miR-448 and SIRT1 protein were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell apoptosis. The endogenous expression of genes was modulated by recombinant plasmids and cell transfection. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the interaction between miR-448 and SIRT1. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score was used to measure the hind-limb function of rat. The spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury model of adult rats was developed by abdominal aorta clamping, and the nerve function evaluation was completed by motor deficit index score. In SCII tissues and cells treated with hypoxia, miR-448 was up-regulated while SIRT1 was down-regulated. Hypoxia treatment reduced the expression of SIRT1 through up-regulating miR-448 in nerve cells. Up-regulation of miR-448 induced by hypoxia promoted apoptosis of nerve cells through down-regulating SIRT1. Down-regulated miR-448 improved neurological function and hind-limb motor function of rats with SCII by up-regulating SIRT1. Down-regulated miR-448 inhibited apoptosis of nerve cells and improved neurological function by up-regulating SIRT1, which contributes to relieving SCII.

ABSTRACT In this study, a high salt-tolerant and glyphosate-degrading strain named BZ8 was isolated from activated sludge. According to 16S rDNA sequencing methods, morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis, strain BZ8 was identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The growth and glyphosate-degrading capability of A. tumefaciens BZ8 were investigated and the results showed that the optimum conditions for glyphosate degradation under 6% of NaCl concentration were found as follows: inoculation size of 10% (v/v), incubation temperature 37℃ and initial pH of 5.0. Salt tolerance test showed that A. tumefaciens BZ8 grew well and could thoroughly degrade 2000 mg/L glyphosate in 36 h if the concentration of NaCl was lower than 6%, while the degradation rate decreased gradually with increasing NaCl concentration. But the glyphosate degradation rate could still reach 62% when the salt concentration was 8%. In addition, the kinetic parameters for A. tumefaciens BZ8 grown on 100-2800 mg/L glyphosate according to Haldane’s model could predict the cell growth tendency successfully. These results showed that A. tumefaciens BZ8 could be used to control glyphosate wastewater with high salt content. Therefore, it has potential application.

Abstract Background: Almost all world-famous species of edible mycorrhizal mushrooms (EMMs), or closely related species, grow naturally in China. However, China has some outstanding edible mushrooms due to their rare distribution in the rest of the world and because of their great economic importance. Objective: To review the state of the art in China of one of the EEMs with greatest importance worldwide: Tricholoma matsutake. Results and conclusion: The matsutake is a complex of species closely related which are distributed world-wide and have traditionally been highly demanded in Japan. The growth of matsutake basidiomata starts from a mixture of soil with mycelium and ectomycorrhizas called “shiro”. The shiro development is closely correlated with the age of the host plants. In Pinus densiflora usually begins when the trees are 10-20 years old. The basidiomata begin to be produced three to four years after the shiro is formed. The harvesting and trading of this species, represents an important source of livelihood for Chinese local farmers, especially in rural mountainous regions where the net income is relatively low. Currently, there are different initiatives to protect and cultivate the matsutake mushroom.

Resumen Antecedentes: Casi todas las especies mundialmente famosas de hongos micorrícicos comestibles (HMC), o especies estrechamente relacionadas, crecen naturalmente en China. Sin embargo, China tiene algunos hongos comestibles con distribución rara en relación al resto del mundo y con gran importancia económica. Objetivo: Revisar el estado del arte en China de uno de los HMC con mayor importancia a nivel mundial: Tricholoma matsutake. Resultados y conclusión: El matsutake es un complejo de especies que se distribuyen en todo el mundo y que tradicionalmente han sido muy demandadas en Japón. El crecimiento de los basidiomas de matsutake inicia a partir de una mezcla de suelo con micelio y ectomicorrizas llamado "shiro". El desarrollo del shiro está estrechamente relacionado con la edad de las plantas hospedantes. En Pinus densiflora generalmente comienza cuando los árboles tienen entre 10 y 20 años de edad. Los basidiomas comienzan a producirse de tres a cuatro años después de la formación del shiro. La recolección y comercialización de esta especie representa una importante fuente de sustento para los agricultores locales chinos, especialmente en las regiones montañosas donde el ingreso neto es relativamente bajo. Actualmente, existen diferentes iniciativas proteger y cultivar el matsutake.

Resumo Objetivo: O uso de probióticos está cada vez mais popular em neonatos prematuros, já que podem prevenir a enterocolite necrosante (ECN) e a sepse e aumentar o crescimento e a tolerância de alimentação. Há apenas uma literatura limitada sobre a Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (S. boulardii) em neonatos prematuros. Método: Um ensaio de caso-controle prospectivo randomizado com o probiótico S. boulardii (50 mg/kg duas vezes por dia) foi feito com recém-nascidos com idade gestacional de 30 a 37 semanas e peso ao nascer entre 1.500 e 2.500 g. Resultados: Foram incluídos 125 neonatos, 63 no grupo de tratamento e 62 no de controle. O ganho de peso (16,14 ± 1,96 em comparação com 10,73 ± 1,77 g/kg/dia, p < 0,05) e a ingestão de fórmula com nutrição enteral máxima (128,4 ± 6,7 em comparação com 112,3 ± 7,2 mL/kg/dia, p < 0,05) foram significativamente maiores no grupo de intervenção. Assim que a nutrição enteral foi iniciada, o tempo necessário para atingir a nutrição enteral completa foi significativamente menor no grupo probiótico (0,4 ± 0,1 em comparação com 1,7 ± 0,5 dia, p < 0,05). Não houve diferença significativa em sepse. Não ocorreu ECN. Não foi observado efeito colateral relacionado à S. boulardii. Conclusão: A suplementação profilática de S. boulardii em uma dose de 50 mg/kg duas vezes por dia melhorou o ganho de peso, aumentou a tolerância de alimentação e não teve efeito colateral em neonatos prematuros > 30 semanas de idade.

Abstract Objective: The use of probiotics is increasingly popular in preterm neonates, as they may prevent necrotizing enterocolitis sepsis and improve growth and feeding tolerance. There is only limited literature on Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (S. boulardii) in preterm infants. Method: A prospective, randomized, case-controlled trial with the probiotic S. boulardii (50 mg/kg twice daily) was conducted in newborns with a gestational age of 30-37 weeks and a birth weight between 1500 and 2500 g. Results: 125 neonates were enrolled; 63 in the treatment and 62 in the control group. Weight gain (16.14 ± 1.96 vs. 10.73 ± 1.77 g/kg/day, p < 0.05) and formula intake at maximal enteral feeding (128.4 ± 6.7 vs. 112.3 ± 7.2 mL/kg/day, p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the intervention group. Once enteral feeding was started, the time needed to reach full enteral feeding was significantly shorter in the probiotic group (0.4 ± 0.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5 days, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in sepsis. Necrotizing enterocolitis did not occur. No adverse effects related to S. boulardii were observed. Conclusion: Prophylactic supplementation of S. boulardii at a dose of 50 mg/kg twice a day improved weight gain, improved feeding tolerance, and had no adverse effects in preterm infants >30 weeks old.

As a pretreatment technique to trace analysis, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (POELE10)- salt aqueous two-phase extraction system (ATPES) is coupled with high performance liquid chromatography to analyse thiamphenicol (TAP) in egg, milk and honey. The analysis of the phase behaviors of the ATPES found that the extraction efficiency and enrichment factor of TAP was influenced by the types of salts, the concentration of salt, the concentration of POELE10, the concentration of 1-propanol and the temperature. The optimized conditions of experiment were determined in the multi-factor experiment by using response surface methodology. The extraction efficiency of TAP is up to 99.59% and the optimal values of enrichment factor of TAP was 27 under the optimized conditions. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification of TAP are 0.5 µg kg−1 and 1.5 µg kg−1, which meet the needs of determination of trace or ultratrace TAP in food.

Background Hepcidins, a kind of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides, play important roles in host immunological processes and iron regulation, which have been identified from several fish species. The rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), an endemic cyprinid fish in China, has been used extensively as model animal in laboratory. However, little is known about its hepcidin. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a hepcidin gene from the liver of Chinese rare minnow. Results The full-length cDNA of rare minnow hepcidin is 662 bp, which contains an ORF of 273 bp encoding a prepropeptide of 90 amino acid residues. The predicted prepropeptide contains three domains: a signal peptide of 24 amino acids, a prodomain of 41 amino acids, and a mature peptide of 25 amino acids. Sequence alignment showed eight conserved cysteine residues in the mature peptide, which formed four disulfide bonds in spatial structure. The deduced structure of mature peptide showed a high degree of homology to the human hepcidin. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it had a close relationship with zebrafish hepcidin, and clustered in a clade with these from Cyprinidae. Synthetic peptide of rare minnow hepcidin could inhibit the growth of Gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila. Conclusion These results suggested that rare minnow hepcidin had typical structure of hepcidins and antibacterial activity. It could participate in innate immune response as an antibacterial agent and be used as antibiotic substance.

The chloromethylation of aromatic hydrocarbons proceeded efficiently using the reusable imidazolium-based ionic liquid as promoter. Mild reaction conditions, enhanced rates, improved yields, recyclability of ionic liquids, and reagents' reactivity which is different from that in conventional organic solvents are the remarkable features observed in ionic liquids. The ionic liquids were recycled in three subsequent runs with no decrease in activity. In addition, the results of calculations with the Gaussian 98 suite of program are in good accordance with the experimental outcomes.